What does a relief valve do in a pumping system?

A relief valve in a pumping system serves the important function of managing excess pressure within the system. It does this by allowing water to bypass back to the pump intake when the system experiences pressure above a predetermined threshold. This mechanism protects the components of the pumping system from damage due to overpressure.

When the pressure exceeds the safe operating limit, the relief valve opens and diverts the excess flow, helping to maintain stability in the system. This function is crucial because it prevents potential failures or ruptures in pipes and other system components caused by high pressure. Maintaining pressure within safe limits ensures the longevity and efficiency of the pumping system.

In contrast, the other options do not accurately describe the primary role of a relief valve. Increasing pressure is contrary to the relief valve’s function; maintaining water temperature is unrelated to the relief valve's purposes; and reducing flow rate through the nozzle pertains more to flow control mechanisms rather than pressure regulation. Thus, the relief valve is specifically designed to manage excess pressure by bypassing water, ensuring the system operates safely and effectively.